Varicella zoster virus (skin and mucosal lesion swab)

At IntroLab in Belgrade, we offer Varicella Zoster Virus testing (skin and mucosal lesion swab) for accurate detection of the virus, helping to ensure timely treatment and infection management. You can schedule your test at our laboratory, where our experienced staff is ready to provide all the necessary information and services.

What is the Varicella Zoster virus?

The Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) causes two distinct diseases: chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). VZV is part of the herpes virus family and has the ability to remain dormant (inactive) in the host’s body for life. After the initial infection, when chickenpox symptoms disappear, the virus retreats and stays latent in nerve cells. Years or even decades later, it can reactivate, especially when the immune system is weakened by factors such as stress, illness, or aging. Upon reactivation, the virus causes shingles, a disease characterized by a painful rash that typically appears along specific nerve pathways on one side of the body.

Although both diseases are caused by the same virus, their symptoms and presentations are different, and they occur under different conditions. This demonstrates the complex nature of the Varicella Zoster virus and its ability to affect individuals in different ways throughout life.

What are the symptoms of infection?

Infections caused by the Varicella Zoster Virus present a range of symptoms that differ in nature and intensity, helping doctors distinguish between the two related diseases. Here is a detailed overview of the symptoms associated with each condition:

Chickenpox (Varicella):

• Fever
• Fatigue
• A characteristic rash that can spread across the entire body

Shingles (Herpes Zoster):

• Pain
• Itching or tingling of the skin
• Accompanied by a blistering rash

In addition to these symptoms, patients may also experience:

• Headache
• Body aches
• Loss of appetite

It is important to note that shingles can lead to postherpetic neuralgia, a condition that causes prolonged pain even after the rash has cleared.

How is the Varicella Zoster virus transmitted?

VZV is easily spread from person to person through respiratory droplets, such as those produced by coughing or sneezing, or through direct contact with skin lesions.

How to protect yourself?

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent VZV infections. Vaccines are available to provide immunity against both chickenpox and shingles. These vaccines are highly effective at preventing primary and secondary VZV infections and can also reduce the severity of symptoms if an infection does occur.

If you are not vaccinated or immune, avoid direct contact with individuals infected with VZV, particularly during the active stages of the infection when symptoms are visible. This includes avoiding contact with rashes, blisters, or other skin or mucosal lesions, as well as staying away from infected individuals who are coughing or sneezing.

When is Varicella Zoster virus (skin and mucosal lesion swab) testing performed?

This test is recommended for individuals exhibiting symptoms of chickenpox or shingles. It is especially important for immunocompromised individuals or those in contact with high-risk groups. The test is also advised when the diagnosis is unclear or there is suspicion of complications.

Are there specific methods or types of Varicella Zoster Virus testing?

PCR testing or direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) testing can be used to detect VZV. The choice of test depends on the patient’s symptoms and the clinical context.