Bence Jones proteins

Bence Jones proteins in urine are abnormal proteins that can indicate the presence and activity of certain diseases, especially multiple myeloma. This analysis is part of the wide range of services provided by the private laboratory in Belgrade, IntroLab, and is part of a comprehensive biochemical urine analysis.

When are Bence Jones proteins in urine measured?

Indications for the analysis include:

• Suspicion of multiple myeloma: Bence Jones proteins are often present in patients with multiple myeloma, a malignant disease affecting plasma cells in the bone marrow. The analysis of Bence Jones proteins can help diagnose and monitor the activity of this cancer.
• In patients with already diagnosed multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders, this test is used to monitor the effectiveness of therapy and track disease progression.
• Bence Jones proteins can affect the kidneys and cause damage. Therefore, their measurement in urine can be conducted in individuals suspected of having kidney diseases or nephrotic syndrome.
• Sometimes, the analysis of Bence Jones proteins may be recommended in case of suspicion of other hematological disorders, such as amyloidosis or Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia.

Specifics of the test

The test for Bence Jones proteins in urine has several specific features that make it useful and relevant for diagnosing certain conditions. These specifics include:

• Detection of monoclonal immunoglobulins: The test is aimed at detecting and quantifying monoclonal immunoglobulins (paraproteins) in urine. Paraproteins are abnormal proteins that may appear in patients with multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders.
• Diagnostic marker: The presence of Bence Jones proteins can be indicative of certain hematological diseases. The test is used as a diagnostic marker to identify and monitor these diseases.
• 24-hour urine sample: The test for Bence Jones proteins is usually performed on a 24-hour urine sample, meaning urine is collected over 24 hours to provide a comprehensive overview of the proteins present in the urine.
• Immunochemical methods: Urine analysis is performed using immunochemical methods, such as immunofixation or immunoelectrophoresis. These methods use antibodies that recognize specific proteins and allow their identification and quantification.