Sodium

At IntroLab in Belgrade, our sodium test accurately determines the concentration of sodium in the body. This test is a crucial tool for diagnosing and monitoring conditions that can cause electrolyte imbalances and is part of our comprehensive electrolyte analysis.

This test is used to detect various conditions, including aldosteronism, dehydration, Addison’s disease, diabetes insipidus, and more.

Who needs to do this test?

Sodium level assessment is performed during routine medical check-ups, along with measurements of chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate. It is also indicated for individuals with symptoms of dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, or urination), fluid retention (swelling due to heart, kidney, liver, or adrenal diseases), and those with blood pressure issues.

Interpreting sodium test results

The results of sodium tests should be considered alongside other electrolytes (such as potassium and chloride) and additional biochemical parameters, as well as the patient’s clinical picture. This comprehensive test provides a complete understanding of the patient’s condition, allowing specialists to make informed evaluations of their health status.

Low sodium levels

Hyponatremia, or low sodium levels, is rarely caused by insufficient dietary intake or a lack of sodium in intravenous fluids. Most commonly, hyponatremia results from sodium loss due to diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating, diuretic use, kidney disease, or Addison’s disease. It can also be caused by excess fluid in the body from overhydration, heart failure, cirrhosis, kidney diseases that cause protein loss (nephrotic syndrome), or malnutrition. Certain conditions (such as neurological disorders, lung diseases, and various cancers) or the use of specific medications can lead to excessive production of antidiuretic hormone, resulting in water retention and the development of hyponatremia.

High sodium levels

Increased sodium concentration in the blood, known as hypernatremia, usually results from dehydration and excessive water loss. In rare cases, hypernatremia can be caused by high salt intake without adequate water consumption, Cushing’s syndrome, or low levels of antidiuretic hormone, as seen in diabetes insipidus.