Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotyping – Genotypes 16 and 18 (Cervical Swab, Urethral Swab, Urine)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted virus. With over 100 types, some can lead to cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping, particularly for genotypes 16 and 18, is essential for cancer prevention and early detection, especially cervical cancer. This test identifies specific virus strains linked to malignant diseases. IntroLab in Belgrade provides precise results.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping – genotypes 16 and 18

HPV types 16 and 18 are the most dangerous high-risk types, responsible for about 70% of cervical cancer cases. These types can also cause other cancers, such as anal, penile, vulvar, vaginal, and oropharyngeal cancers.

When is the test conducted

Testing for HPV types 16 and 18 is typically recommended for women during regular gynecological exams. The Pap test is the initial screening tool; if atypical or suspicious cells are found, further HPV testing is advised. Some countries also offer vaccination programs before the start of sexual activity.

Symptoms

Most HPV infections are asymptomatic and resolve without visible signs. However, high-risk types like 16 and 18 can cause cell changes that may become precancerous, often detected during routine gynecological exams.

Transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes 16 and 18

HPV spreads through direct physical contact, most often during sexual activities such as vaginal, anal, and oral sex. The virus can be transmitted even if there are no visible symptoms.

Treatment

There is no cure for HPV, but treatments are available for the health issues it can cause, like genital warts and precancerous changes. Early detection and monitoring of cell changes enable effective treatment and management of the condition.

Protection methods

The main protection against HPV types 16 and 18 is vaccination, which is recommended before the start of sexual activity. Regular gynecological exams and Pap tests are crucial for early detection and prevention of HPV-related complications. Using condoms correctly can lower the risk of HPV transmission, but they do not provide full protection, as the virus can be spread through skin-to-skin contact in areas not covered by a condom.